Udall Center Update no.39



News from the Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy and the Native Nations Institute for Leadership, Management, and Policy (NNI) at The University of Arizona	No. 39 February 2009

Udall Center / Native Nations Institute
2009 Annual Research Review

research articles, policy analysis reports, and books published in 2008 by our staff and affiliates

Indigenous Nations Policy \| Immigration Policy \| Environmental Policy
Indigenous Nations Policy Topics: self-governance \| sovereignty \| economic development Principal funding sources: Morris K. Udall Foundation, Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, National Congress of American Indians Policy Research Center, Nathan Cummings Foundation, Ford Foundation, First Nations Development Institute, and UA Office of the Vice President for Research

	Big Sycamore Stands Alone: The Western Apaches, Aravaipa, and the Struggle for Place. Record, Ian. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008. Analyzes the homeland struggle of the Western Apaches, synthesizing historical and anthropological materials to provide new insights into the relationship of people and the land. CONTACT: Ian Record, Manager, Educational Resources Program, Native Nations Institute; also Senior Lecturer, American Indian Studies Program recordi@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-0664

	Borrowing Trouble: Predatory Lending in Native American Communities. First Nations Development Institute (Miriam Jorgensen, lead author). Washington, DC: First Nations Development Institute, 2008. Analyzes the extent of predatory lending activity in Indian Country with regard to housing lending, payday lending, car title loans, loans against tax refunds, and pawn shop activity; provides recommendations on how Native nations might limit the activities of predatory lenders in their communities, including assisting borrowers who are already engaged with such lenders, educating consumers on how to avoid predatory lenders, and shutting down predatory lending through regulation and legislation. CONTACT: Miriam Jorgensen, Research Director, Native Nations Institute; also Research Director, Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development, Harvard University mjorgens@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-0664

	The Cayuse War (1848-1855); The Coeur d'Alene War (1858); Morton v Mancari (1974); The Paiute (Pyramid Lake) War (1860); The Snake War (1866-1868); The Spirit Lake Uprising (1857). Seelau, Ryan. In Paul Finkelman and Tim Allen Garrison, eds. Encyclopedia of United States Indian Policy and Law. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2008. Selected entries for a two-volume encyclopedia that examines the history and impact of U.S. relations with Native Americans. CONTACT: Ryan Seelau, Research Analyst, Native Nations Institute seelau@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-0664

	Deepening Our Understanding of the Financial Education of Native Youth: An In-Depth Look at Native Students in Montana, New Mexico, and South Dakota. Anderson, William, Miriam Jorgensen, Noorie Brantmeier, and Lewis Mandell. Rapid City and Washington, DC: First Nations Oweesta Corporation and Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy, 2008. Provides an in-depth look, using the Jump$tart survey instrument, at the personal financial knowledge of Native youth in three states with high Native populations—Montana, New Mexico, and South Dakota; examines the largest sample of Native high school students ever surveyed regarding financial literacy skills. The research for this report was conducted under the auspices of NNI's partner organization, the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development at Harvard University. CONTACT: Miriam Jorgensen, Research Director, Native Nations Institute; also Research Director, Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development, Harvard University mjorgens@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-0664

	Determinants of Development Success in the Native Nations of the United States. Taylor, Jonathan. Cambridge and Tucson: Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Developent and Native Nations Institute for Leadership, Management, and Policy, 2008. [diné] [english] [español] [português] Summarizes the elements of success for Native nation building, based on more than two decades’ research by the Harvard Project and Native Nations Institute. CONTACT: Jonathan Taylor, Senior Policy Associate, Native Nations Institute; also President, Taylor Policy Group, Inc. jonathan@taylorpolicy.com or (941) 309 -5158

	Improving Health Care Access in Native American Communities: What Can Tribes Do? Arsenault, Jaime, Stephen Cornell, Stephanie Carroll Rainie. Executive summary of a report to the Nathan Cummings Foundation. Tucson: Native Nations Institute for Leadership, Management, and Policy, 2008. Concludes from interviews with 18 tribal officials and employees, federal officials, and academics knowledgeable about health care delivery to Native nations, that where funds and capacity permit, tribal-managed health care improves access. CONTACT: Stephanie Carroll Rainie, Research Analyst, Native Nations Institute; also Operations Manager, Udall Center scrainie@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-0664

	Leadership Development in the Native American Arts & Culture Sector. Jorgensen, Miriam, and Rachel Starks. A report commissioned by the Ford Foundation. New York: Ford Foundation, 2008. Reviews ways that the Native arts sector might cultivate and sustain leaders. CONTACT: Miriam Jorgensen, Research Director, Native Nations Institute; also Research Director, Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development, Harvard University mjorgens@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-0664

	The political economy of American Indian gaming. Cornell, Stephen. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 4 (2008): 63-82. Describes the history and organization of contemporary Indian gaming operations, showing that while gaming’s effects are unevenly distributed across tribes, its political, economic, and social impacts on many Indian reservations have been signiﬁcant and positive and that gaming has had positive economic effects on many non-Native communities as well, particularly in distressed areas. CONTACT: Stephen Cornell, Director, Udall Center; Faculty Associate, Native Nations Institute; also Professor of Sociology and of Public Administration scornell@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-4393

	We Are the Stewards: Indigenous-led Fisheries Innovation in North America. Record, Ian. Joint Occasional Papers on Native Affairs (JOPNA). Tucson and Cambridge: Native Nations Institute for Leadership, Management, and Policy and Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development, 2008. Chronicles three cases (Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council, Red Lake Walleye Recovery Project, and Tulalip Tribes/Snohomish Basin BioGas Project); reviews the current state of Indigenous-led fisheries management in the United States; summarizes major trends and presents common keys and challenges to the success of these efforts. CONTACT: Ian Record, Manager, Educational Resources Program, Native Nations Institute; also Senior Lecturer, American Indian Studies Program recordi@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-0664
*Indigenous Nations Policy Publications in press* for 2009: Becoming public sociology: Indigenous nations, dialogue, and change.** Cornell, Stephen. In Vincent Jeffries, ed., Handbook of Public Sociology. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, in press. Is There Only One Path to Development? Sustainable Heterogeneity Among Contemporary American Indian Nations. Cornell, Stephen, Miriam Jorgensen, and Joseph P. Kalt. Joint Occasional Publications on Native Affairs (JOPNA). Tucson and Cambridge: Native Nations Institute for Leadership, Management, and Policy and Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development, in press. Per Capita Distributions of American Indian Tribal Revenues: A Preliminary Discussion of Policy Considerations. Cornell, Stephen, Miriam Jorgensen, Stephanie C. Rainie, Ian Record, Ryan Seelau, and Rachel R. Starks. Joint Occasional Publications on Native Affairs (JOPNA). Tucson and Cambridge: Native Nations Institute for Leadership, Management, and Policy and Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development, in press.
Immigration Policy Topics: U.S. immigration \| economic impacts \| immigrants in Arizona Principal funding sources: Thomas R. Brown Foundations and UA Office of the Vice President for Research

	Arizona’s Economy and the Legal Arizona Workers Act. Gans, Judith. A report prepared for the Communications Institute. Tucson: Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, 2008. Examines the role of immigrant workers in Arizona and the economic impacts of the recently enacted Legal Arizona Workers Act. CONTACT: Judith Gans, Program Manager, Immigration Policy judygans@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-4393

	Immigrants in Arizona: Fiscal and Economic Impacts. Gans, Judith. Tucson: Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, 2008. Tallies the fiscal costs and benefits of immigrants in Arizona's economy for 2004, showing that the total state tax revenue attributable to immigrant workers was nearly $2.4 billion ($860 million for naturalized citizens plus $1.5 billion for non-citizens, a majority of whom are likely undocumented) balanced against estimated fiscal costs of about $1.4 billion for a net positive impact of about $940 million. CONTACT: Judith Gans, Program Manager, Immigration Policy judygans@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-4393
Environmental Policy
Topics: water resources management \| wastewater and water reuse \| global water initiatives \| conservation easements socio-ecological sustainability \| southwest United States \| U.S.-Mexico border region Principal funding sources: Morris K. Udall Foundation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, WateReuse Foundation, Arizona Water Institute, UA Water Resources Research Center, International Water Management Institute, and UA Office of the Vice President for Research

	Animal and human waste as vehicles for cross-contamination of imported foods. Gerba, Charles P., and Christopher A. Scott. In Michael P. Doyle and Marilyn C. Erickson, eds. Imported Foods: Microbiological Issues and Challenges. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2008. Discusses the potential for contamination of imported foods from such sources as irrigation water, wastewater, compost and night soil, shellfish-growing waters, and other routes of contamination. CONTACT: Christopher Scott, Assistant Research Professor of Water Resources Policy; also Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Regional Development cascott@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-4393

	The dilemma of water management regionalization in Mexico under centralized resource allocation. Scott, Christopher A., and Jeff M. Banister. International Journal of Water Resources Development 24 (2008): 61-74. Considers Mexico’s evolving water management framework—including the factors of integrated planning and management, decentralization of decision-making, and privatization of services—and includes a case study of the Yaqui River in Sonora. CONTACT: Christopher Scott, Assistant Research Professor of Water Resources Policy; also Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Regional Development cascott@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-4393

	Impacts of irrigation and anthropogenic aerosols on the water balance, heat fluxes, and surface temperature in a river basin. Biggs, Trent W., Christopher A. Scott, Anju Guar, Jean-Philippe Venot, Thomas Chase, and Eungul Lee. Water Resources Research 44 (2008), W12415, doi:10.1029/2008WR006847. Uses observations of annual water balance and surface temperature to document the impact of irrigation on the heat fluxes and surface temperature of a large area in the Krishna Basin, India, which has experienced rapid irrigation development. CONTACT: Christopher Scott, Assistant Research Professor of Water Resources Policy; also Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Regional Development cascott@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-4393

	Incorporating Flexibility into Conservation Easements. Citron, Aaron. Winner of the 2007 Lillian S. Fisher Prize in Environmental Law and Policy. Tucson: Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, 2008. Investigates the legal and practical notion of flexibility in the application of conservation easements, and summarizes the mechanisms available to incorporate appropriate amounts of flexibility to account for future scientific and cultural changes without sacrificing inherent conservation values. CONTACT: Aaron Citron, Udall Center 2007 Lillian S. Fisher Prize Winner; also Project Manager, Arizona Land and Water Trust acitron@alwt.org or (520) 577-8564

	Salinity implications of wastewater irrigation in the Musi River catchment in India. McCartney, Matthew, Christopher Scott, Jeroen Ensink, BinBin Jiang, and Trent Biggs. Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 37 (2008): 49-59. Assesses the significance of salinity changes in the Musi River catchment, India, from the increased use wastewater for irrigation. CONTACT: Christopher Scott, Assistant Research Professor of Water Resources Policy; also Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Regional Development cascott@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-4393

	Science and socio-ecological sustainability: Examples from the Arizona-Sonora border. Morehouse, Barbara J., Daniel B. Ferguson, Gigi Owen, Anne Browning-Aiken, Pablo Wong-Gonzales, Nicolá Pineda, and Robert G. Varady. Environmental Science and Policy 11 (2008): 272-84. Uses three case studies of coupled society-nature and society-science interactions and the concepts of long-term socio-ecological resilience and transformability to reveal the Greater Sonoran Ecoregion’s increasing vulnerabilities to systemic changes and identify options for addressing such threats. CONTACT: Anne Browning-Aiken, Senior Researcher, Environmental Policy browning@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-4393

	Strengthening global water initiatives to sustain world water governance. Varady, Robert G., Katherine Meehan, John Rodda, Emily McGovern, and Matthew Iles-Shih Environment, 50 (2008): 18-31. Describes the evolution of global water institutions, analyzes their impact and significance, and provides a series of policy strategies to improve global water governance; although global water initiatives have existed for more than a century and their numbers have increased palpably since the Second World War, surprisingly little has been written on their collective activities and impact. CONTACT: Robert Varady, Deputy Director; Director, Environmental Policy Programs; Research Professor of Environmental Policy; also Director, Joint International Unit on Water, Environment and Policy rvarady@u.arizona.edu or (520) 626-4393
*Environmental Policy Publications in press* for 2009:** Charting the emergence of ‘global water initiatives’ in world water governance. Varady, Robert G., Kathleen Meehan, and Emily McGovern. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 34 (2009): 150-5. Currently available online. Hydrosolidarity and International Water Conflict. Gerlak, Andrea, Robert G. Varady, and Arin Haverland. International Negotiations, in press. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and environment in the U.S.-Mexico border region. Varady, Robert G. In Paul Robbins, ed. Encyclopedia of Environment and Society. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, in press. Transboundary ecosystem services on the México-U.S. border: Policy options for shared services. López-Hoffman, Laura, Robert G. Varady, Karl W. Flessa, and Patricia Balvanera. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, in press. What's old and what's new in arid lands water management? Hutchinson, Charles F., Robert G. Varady, and Sam Drake. In Graciela Schneier-Madanes and Marie François Courel, eds. Water, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development in Arid and Semi-arid Zones. New York: Springer, in press. Integrating science and policy for water management. Richter, Holly, David C. Goodrich, Anne Browning-Aiken, Robert G. Varady. In Julie C. Stromberg and Barbara J. Tellman, eds. Ecology and Conservation of Desert Riparian Ecosystems: The San Pedro River Example. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, in press. Global Water Initiatives: What do the experts think? Report on a survey of leading figures in the ‘World of Water.’ Varady, Robert G., and Matthew Iles-Shih. In Asit K. Biswas and Cecelia Tortajada, eds. Impacts of Megaconferences on the Water Sector. London: Springer Verlag, in press.